Does Sex and Violence on Television Have a Negative Effect on Children?

Does invoke and ferocity on telly vex negative make on infantren? The issue that I am addressing is the effect of awake and military unit in the media on children. As foresightful as on that point has been television, thither has been an association made between media and force children who repeated what they saw on cartoons leading to their death, teenagers injured eyepatch emulating a popular movie, and mass killings blamed on video games. Primarily this kind has been fabricated to be causal with television being the assumed rudimentary induce in lurid or risky bearing.Once you begin delving into the root of tearing and risky behavior, however, the association between modeled military unit and verbalised force-out exits less and less obvious. Violence in society in general is complicated and requires unpacking so that each aspect of the roots of ferocity put up be analyzed and ultimately discussed in a meaty way, including acknowledging that the origins are just as layered and complex as the solutions. sum-up of Internet Information I began behavioring into various studies and members about furiousness in media to see what kind of information was already available on the subject.There were a subjugate of points of view repre displaceed, however, n cardinal of them outright dismissed that there was some family relationship between charge up and violence in the media and violent behavior. The studies excessively gener solelyy hold that the complexities of violent behavior whitethorn potenti all(prenominal)y be ultimately unknowable because of that complexity. What may find one individual to violence may have little to no effect on a nonher or the level of exposure to images of sexual practice and violence in combination with other influences, including parental and peer attitudes towards sex and violence, may be a stronger relationship than media influence alone.The denomination Its non all sex and violence by Agustin Fu entes set the tone for how I came to look at my enquiry because it brought up the important point that sex and violence are over emphasized in modern culture and nates give the false impression that sex and violence are at the very center of every homointimate motivation sooner than video display the reality that sex and violence are merely two aspects of the adult males experience, rather than central or common. The topics are scintillating and therefore much discussed.I to a fault included look done to determine the effect of collarsome condom sex exhorts run on Netherlands television during the mid-1990s in order to see if there were positive messages that were also being sent on television about sex and sexual behavior ( evoke public campaigns effectively kind psychological determinants of safer sex? ), an rating of three Dutch campaigns that determined that the campaigns were successful in their goals of increasing safe sex practices in the Netherlands.I wanted to s ee if positive messages about sex and sexual behavior also had an effect on teenagers and young adults as this could be associated back to imitating modeled behavior in general. The determination in the episode of the Dutch safe sex campaigns was that intensity of the televised messages was link up not however to the message itself, but also to the amount of exposure the subject had to the message.Those who were more(prenominal) exposed to the messages were more likely to oblige in safe sex than those who were less exposed or not exposed at all. In Mass Media personal effects on Violent Behavior by Richard Felson discussed in detail the unenviableies of museing the effects of media violence on children because its difficult to measure intent and the inherent issues present in building experiments that have the greatest possibility of delivering reasonable results.It was the most comprehensive and inclusive article that I read as it looked at a number of distinguishable meth ods of measuring media effects on children ultimately demonstrating that there is a demonstrable corollary between exposure to violence seen on television and after(prenominal)wards violent behavior, however, the media commentary was shown to be part of a greater set of environmental concerns.What I could determine from my writers was that the greatest issue faced by researchers concerned in studying the possible corollary between seeing sex and violence on television and that exposure being the driving force for subsequently acts of violence by the subject is that there is no consensus in the selective information. Replicating a real world experience in the laboratory requires introducing controls that may cause the subject or subjects to feel freer to engage in extreme behavior as the environment created in the experiment can lack the third-party controls that inhabit in the real world.There is also some difficulty in tell the results regardless of the cobblers lasts draw n from the data. Additionally, there are complications where the studies are not necessarily using the same metrics in their research so their conclusions may be similar or even confirm the findings of other research but not using the same methodology. The scientific method relies originally on replication of results when executing the same experiment and that doesnt face to be happening in the research done on this topic.The divided up determinations between each of my sources all acknowledged the shortcomings in the research however, this did not prevent them from coming to some kind of conclusion. The most common conclusion was that there was a relationship, however, that relationship was not a direct one to one corollary. This was true for both negative and positive messages. The general acknowledgements is that while there is an association between exposure to messages in sex and violence in the media, that these messages were not necessarily a driving force in later acts o f violence, but were certainly a factor in later acts of violence.Summary of a Research Study The research study that I am summarizing is Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? An evaluation of three Dutch campaigns by M. C. Yzer, F. W. Siero, and B. P. Buunk. The research was designed to establish the effectiveness of Dutch safe sex campaigns that were run between 1994 and 1996. There were some(prenominal) metrics being measured, improved attitudes, perceived fond norms, self-efficacy and intentions regarding safer sex (Yzer, Siero & Buunk, 1999)The methodology of the study was to use a representative sample of the Dutch universe of discourse and then ask them to answer electronic questionnaires where you could not advance with to the next question without answering previous questions in order to pick at missing data. Each participant was issued a unique PIN number in order to further identify the participants. There were also quintu ple waves of questionnaires, and an individual participant could be eligible for more than one of these waves, however, they could only when participate in one wave.The PIN numbers were also utilize to ensure that there were no duplicate participants from wave to wave. These methods were also diligent to exclude testing effects, history effects, cultural changes and sample differences as secondary explanations for the data collected. (Yzer, Siero & Buunk, 1999) The questionnaires measured attitudes towards safe sex practices, social norms , self-efficacy (Yzer, Siero & Buunk, 1999), and whether or not the participant intended to engage in safe sex practices in the forthcoming.The key results in this study were that while the initial levels of positive attitudes and practices of safe sex, there was indeed room for an increase in those metrics. The increases were the most swallow immediately after a campaign aired, but that uptick did not pass below the previous level but maint ained over time. It was also shown that increases were not always across the board in every category during every campaign. There were different effects that depended on which campaign was aired.When adjourn out into separate categories, self-efficacy was enhanced by the 1994 campaign, and that intentions were enhanced by the 1994 and 1995 campaigns. To summarize, all target variables were generally more positive with respect to safer sex after a campaign than before. (Yzer, Siero & Buunk, 1999) The thesis of the experiment was the following 1. Attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy and intentions would become more favorable towards safer sex in response to each of the 1994, 1995 and 1996 campaigns. 2.In the outcome of time after the 1996 campaign when no campaign was conducted (but in a similar time interval as between the 1994 but in a similar time interval as between the 1995 and 1996 campaigns), attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy and intentions would become less favorabl e towards safer sex. (Yzer, Siero & Buunk, 1999) The data showed that after the campaigns were aired, that all of the measured areas showed an increase both short-term and long-term. They also noticed that there was a quick uptick in positive feelings shortly after a campaign was aired.Overall, the campaigns served to uphold and enhance already present social norms and attitudes towards safe sex and safe sex practices. The conclusions of this study also confirmed the conclusions of a study done in Germany that evaluated German safer sex campaigns. How this relates to the issue of what effect sex and violence on television effects children is that there is here a strong relationship between media messages and future behavior and that this relationship is related to amount of exposure to the message.It was already well established that there was an agreed upon corollary between violence seen on television and violent behavior, however, this study shows that the relationship is also bu ilt on frequency of exposure to the medium. Additionally, there can be changes in different areas over time, which shows the diversity of how media messages influence large number and how that influence can be different while still present. censorious Analysis of Internet Information and Research Study In Its not all sex and violence by Agustin Fuentes, the information provided by Dr.Fuentes is factual and points out that human beings are diverse and complex beings determined by a variety of things. The overemphasis on sex and violence in media is pervasive and dangerous to how we see ourselves as human beings. The amount of cooperation, joy, sharing, and so on that human beings do far outweigh the amount of violence we engage in as a species. However, we as a species are also fascinated with sex and violence and seek out that information draftsmanship focus towards it, rather than acknowledging their purpose and role in life and placing it among everything else in life, maint aining perspective.The differentiate that is used is a walk through the development of human societies and what scientists know about the behavior of our ancestors and the results of primatological research with social behavior of primates. He shows that the majority of the behavior that we engage in is positive and helping behaviors, rather than negative behaviors. The strength of the evidence is weak, but the piece is intended to be an emotional appeal that includes appeals to the intellect. Because of the rhetorical mode of the piece, this is to be expected and does not immediately remove it from consideration as a vertical source of information.In Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? there is a great deal of factual evidence supported by strong evidence with a reasonable and intelligent analysis of the data gathered from their research. The strength of the evidence is significant, especially in light of the inclusion of the informa tion that a German study came to similar conclusions. Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior is a research study that gathers a number of different research studies and provides that data along with the conclusions of the author.The information is good and because of the amount of provided data, the reader can see where the authors conclusions came from. Because of this articles appearance in a peer-reviewed journal, it can be assumed to be a trustworthy source of information with strong evidence supporting its conclusions. Conclusion In answer to the specific question as to whether or not sex and violence on television is slanderous to children there is no simple answer. Through looking at the evidence, there is an undeniable effect of what population see on television and their future behavior, but that link is not causal.The factors that exist in order to drive an individual to violence are difficult to measure due to underlying problems with creating appropriate test trials, the complexity of human nature, and the overwhelming amount of input that everyone has on a regular basis. A worthwhile avenue for research would be to measure exposure to specific stimuli in media messages and whether or not its the amount of sex and violence that someone is exposed to that is the deciding factor in future behavior. Another avenue would be to do a longitudinal study of children of ifferent socio-economic backgrounds to see what other factors exist (exposure to violence in daily life, attitudes about sex, etc. ) along with measuring how the child is interpreting the media messages that it is exposed to along with the frequency of that exposure. It would be holistic, but perhaps prohibitively complex and long term to execute. What remains unknown is what the sufficient impact of media messages on children is, there is an effect, thats undeniable, but that effect is clear influenced by a variety of factors and may only be a reflection of what the child has already learned elsewhere.References Bushman, B. (2013). Why do people deny violent media effects?. Psychology Today, Retrieved from http//www. psychologytoday. com/blog/get-psyched/201302/why-do people-deny-violent-media-effects Felson, R. (1996) Mass media effects on violent behavior. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 103-128 . Retrieved from http//www. jstor. org. libproxy. uml. edu/stable/2083426 Fuentes, A. (2013). Busting myths about human nature. Psychology Today, Retrieved from http//www. psychologytoday. com/blog/busting-myths-about-human- nature/201302/it-s-not-all-sex-and-violenceWalker, M. (1983). Some problems in interpreting statistics relating to crime. ledger of the Royal Statistical Society, 146(3), 281-293 . Retrieved from http//www. jstor. org. libproxy. uml. edu/stable/2981656 Yzer, M. C. , Siero, F. W. & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? An evaluation of three Dutch campaigns. Health raising Research, 15(3), 339-352. Retrieved from http//her. oxfordjournals. org/content/15/3/339. full