The NCLB Act Essay -- essays papers

The NCLB Act History The NCLB Act was created from initiatives originally introduced in the uncomplicated and supplemental School Act. The Elementary and Secondary School Act designed by then Commissioner of Education Francis Keppel and was passed on April 9, 1965. This was less than three months after the report was first introduced. President Lyndon B. Johnson launched the War on Poverty this being the most important educational component of the war. (Schugurensky, 2002) Through excess funding this act allowed underprivileged and innocent children a chance to contract education that met up to national standards. The special funding allotted more than 1 billion dollars to low income families to receive education that compared to affluent families. The Head Start program quickly grew disclose of this Act. In the Head Start program preschoolers received education that would aim them for the challenges they would face in mere(a) schools the following year. (Amis, 2001) The ESEA was amended in 1968 to complicate the needs of children that had limited English speaking ability which eventually became the bilingualist Education Act. The NCLB presents a sweeping overhaul of federal efforts to support elementary and secondary education in the United States. The NCLB Act is built on four pillars, accountability for results, emphasis on doing what works, spread out parental options and expanded local controls and flexibility. (Toolkit, 2003) Standards criteria established by an educational institution to determine levels of disciple achievement. (EBSCOhost Thesaurus) Each of these sets of standards may vary slightly advance by state. A school that does not meet the criteria laid out by the state for two years running is labeled as n... ...n, L. S. and Owings, W. A. (May 2003) The Politics of instructor Quality. Volume 84 pp. 687-92 Retrieved May 1 2004 From EBSCOAmis, K. (2001). Bush says reading is first. doubting Thomas B. Fordham Foundation. Re trieved Feb. 16 2004 from www.edexcellence.netU.S. discussion section of Education (2004) No child left git overview. U.S. Department of Education, Retrieved Feb. 16, 2004 from www.ed.govWhat Works Clearinghouse (2002) Retrieved April 15 2004 from www.w-w-c.orgSchugurensky, D. (2002) History of Education Retrieved April 22 2004 from http//fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/1965elemsec.html(2003) The Elementary and Secondary Education Act in WashingtonAn overview Retrieved April 22 2004 from http//www.k12.wa.us/ESEA/U.S. Department of Education (2003) A Toolkit for Teachers. Washington DC U.S. Government Printing mail

3.01 Cell Division

StageNumber of Cells in fictitious character 1Number of Cells in Part 2 Interphase119 Prophase74 Metaphase53 Anaphase97 Telophase43 Cytokinesis22 Create a Graph that represents the time exhausted in to each angiotensin-converting enzyme stage of the cell cycle. StageTime Spent in the 1st stageTime spent in the 2nd stage Interphase21%25% Metaphase13%7% Anaphase9%16% Telophase19%18% Cytokinesis20%23% 18%11% Hypothesis After researching, I p rubyicted that I would run into contrasting numbers of cells (which atomic number 18 the bubbles or the circles in either the contrastive stages).I got some pictures from a website and I knew what to do, and how to tell how many cells are in each stage after staining the onion alkali cant over. appendage I did this project every on my own. I had to require one day to get the microscope, I then got the onion reservoir tip and sliced it into sm whole pieces. I stained the root with red pabulum coloring to make it much visible, and the n placed it betwixt cardinal glass slides to make it clear.I then waited for the cycle to glossiness. It took me about 25-35 minutes to finish the whole cycle including preparing and cleaning up. I then save my info in a table that explains all the numbers of cells I embed in all different stages. Conclusion This project was contend of playing period It was my first time using a microscope by myself, and I love looking at the cells and counting them during their different stages.After I had waited for all the stages, I recorded the number of cells found. I did my experiment on both different pieces of onions. The time between both were not similar, because there hence was a difference between all of them. I saw the meat and all the cells moving and transforming between the stages. I really did understand the processes more than when I had read it.3.01 Cell DivisionStageNumber of Cells in Part 1Number of Cells in Part 2 Interphase119 Prophase74 Metaphase53 Anaphase97 Telo phase43 Cytokinesis22 Create a Graph that represents the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle. StageTime Spent in the 1st stageTime spent in the 2nd stage Interphase21%25% Metaphase13%7% Anaphase9%16% Telophase19%18% Cytokinesis20%23% 18%11% Hypothesis After researching, I predicted that I would see different numbers of cells (which are the bubbles or the circles in all the different stages).I got some pictures from a website and I knew what to do, and how to tell how many cells are in each stage after staining the onion root tip. Procedure I did this project all on my own. I had to wait one day to get the microscope, I then got the onion root tip and sliced it into small pieces. I stained the root with red food coloring to make it more visible, and then placed it between two glass slides to make it clear.I then waited for the cycle to finish. It took me about 25-35 minutes to finish the whole cycle including preparing and cleaning up. I then recorded my data in a table that e xplains all the numbers of cells I found in all different stages. Conclusion This project was lot of fun It was my first time using a microscope by myself, and I loved looking at the cells and counting them during their different stages.After I had waited for all the stages, I recorded the number of cells found. I did my experiment on two different pieces of onions. The time between both were not similar, because there indeed was a difference between all of them. I saw the nucleus and all the cells moving and transforming between the stages. I really did understand the processes more than when I had read it.

How Thomas Hobbes and John Locke influenced Enlightenment Thinkers Essay

The Age of Enlightenment saw many great changes in Western Europe. The Age of Enlightenment or simple the Enlightenment was an mental movement during the 18th century. Its purpose was to reform society and to advance noesis using reason and the scientific knowledge. It supported scientific thought and remote superstition with its favorite target being the Catholic Church. The phrase was ofttimes use by writers of the dot itself, implying that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into an prescience period fueled by reason and science.The ones who sparked the information can be traced to the seventeenth century. They include the two semipolitical philosophers doubting doubting doubting Thomas Hobbes and rear Locke. Thomas Hobbes was innate(p) on April 5, 1588 and he was best known for his work on political philosophy. His book Leviathan founded the foundation for most of Western political philosophy. In Leviathan, Hobbes set out his doctrine of the found ations of submits and legitimate governments. Much of the book demonstrates the necessary of a strong central authority to avoid chaos and disorder.Hobbes hypothesizes what keep would be like with no government, a state which he c eithers the state of nature. In that state, each person would take a crap a right to everything in the world. However, he argues that it would lead to a war against all because he believed that all masses were evil and selfish. In order to avoid this state, people establish a civil society and conceive a social contract. gibe to Hobbes, society is a population under a supreme authority. Thomas Hobbes is a supporter of absolutism but he also veritable some of the fundamentals of liberal thoughts much(prenominal) as the rights of an individual and par for all.He was also one of the founders of modern political science as well. His understanding on humans as being matter and spare-time activity the same concepts and laws as other matter remains extr emely influential. John Locke was natural on August 29, 1632 and he was one of the most influential English philosophers during the enlightenment period. Lockes theory of soul is referred to as the fount of conceptions of self and identities. He theorized that the mind is a blank slate and that we were born with only instinctive ideas and that knowledge is only derived from go across.The founding fathers of the United States used many of his political ideas as the bases for the declaration of independence. Locke believed in a elective find and that everyone is entitled to their own rights and liberty. He thought that nobody should lease sacrosanct power so he came up with the idea of withdrawal of powers meaning that the church and judicial system operate independent of the reigning class so theoretically no one can localize a crime and get away with it.Even though Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both influential social contract theorists and great political philosopher s, their ideas completely contradict each other. While Locke believed that humans were born with a clean slate and only gain knowledge through experience and experiment, Hobbes theorized that all humans were born with an evil and selfish nature which cannot be contained without a supreme authority to rule.In terms of political power, Locke believed in democratic rule while Hobbes believed in an absolute power to rule over the evil and selfish humans for if there is no absolute power, our savage instincts will take over and we will do some(prenominal) it takes to satisfy our greedy nature. As for rights, Locke believed all men are catch rights but Hobbes concluded that we should give up our rights to the government in put back for protection. The Enlightenment was a great step in humanity to shed light on strides in science and let reason explain our lives.Enlightenment ideas and whole kit have been especially influential in politics. Many of the worlds democracies are built on t he ideas of Locke and other political philosophers in the enlightenment period. Democratic nations, such as the United States are founded upon enlightenment ideas such as individual rights and liberty, the rights of citizens, and peoples rights to participate in the government. However, distinguishable political philosophers have different ideas about whats best for their government.For instance, Thomas Hobbes believed in absolute monarchs, an idea which is still used today in places like Canada, Japan, Spain, and the United Kingdoms. The Enlightenment completely revolutionized the way people have thought about religion, politics, and science. It was one of the greatest events in history because it gave people the idea to challenge what theyve always been taught to be right. It gave people a mind of their own and not fall to one supreme ruler. The legacy of the enlightenment shall never be forgotten.

Report on Financial Statement Fraud Scheme Case Study

Report on Financial avouchment Fraud Scheme compositors case Study The Importance of Timing ACC/556 Professor University of Phoenix December 19, 2011 memo To The Management From Forensic Auditor Date 12/19/2011 sphere Case Study on the Importance of Timing and Financial Statement Fraud Scheme As our confederacy is in process of conducting probe to detect any pecuniary pedagogy guile or ill-usage, I have come across the case where expenses were save in the pecuniary statement under the period it was disbursed to seller and existent services occurred in next or other financial course of instruction period.Its against the ruler of SEC and GAAP guidelines. In this particular case the repair were finished in current year and vendor was prepaid for services in full furthermost year financial period, which a violation by recording expenses in the wrong period. No one took the funds and excite fraud but it shows inaccurate expenses and revenue in financial statement for bo th current and past years. It was done to maintain the repair work out for last year as there was room to spend more than last year , so the plant supervisor and purchase director decided to pay in advance last year and actual services were occurred this year.As per scope of examination a caller can sustain a substantial amount of revenue through occupational fraud and abuse. There is several deterrence methods can be implemented by a company to avoid frauds and abuse by employees. This misleading financial statement fraud may impact our companys enthronement potential, credit worthiness, business operation, and employee morale (Wells, 2005). The SEC Acts of 1933 and 1934 were passed by Congress of unify States to provide sources of potential liability for accountants to correspond protection for investors and for facilitation of orderly slap-up markets (Lowers, Ramsey, Sinason &038 Strawser, 2007).These acts enforce accountability on accountants to practice integrity when working for thickenings and financial institutions by reporting misstatement disclosures in financial statements. As a rhetorical auditor I collect evidence from companys employees, customers, vendors, and unknown sources. The sampling tools and techniques used in this investigation lie downs systematic random weft of data from selected sources. The forensic accountant use computer forensics, data analytics and interviews to accommodate them to assemble much of the required evidence for an investigation.This abuse was detected when we appear the invoice of heavy amount paid by end of the last year without any inspection report or repair expiration document in file. The further investigation showed it was done later this year. No employee took any funds to commit financial fraud or thievery but the financial statement were misleading to the users of those statements. A company may experience such type of abuse or corruption schemes veritable at any given time, more than one bea or all over the company.Corruption can be performed by fraudster employees who intentionally and wrongfully use their influence to gain personal financial gain from company business transaction. It can be limited to a particular plane section or it may exist in all structural levels. It is full of life for a company to review financial status routinely to look into proper accounting and reporting procedures are followed in entirety of company business transactions. It is extremely important to review before an end of year transactions with heavy amounts to ensure validity of amount and services occurred in that financial year.There are many other red flags an investigator or auditor can find to detect such recording of expenses in wrong period. For example when there is an abnormal growth in offspring of days sales in receivable or spill in days purchases in accounts payable. These abnormalities and abuse can be avoided through reviewing acquisitions journal, world(a) b ook and accounts payable master file to ensure that there are no large or unusual amounts. besides review vendors invoices, receiving reports, purchase orders and purchase requisitions to rely that they are valid and are for reasonable amounts.Trace inventory acquisitions to the inventory master file to verify that items record as inventory are all valid. Trace receiving reports and vendors invoices to the acquisitions journal to verify that all acquire goods have been properly record. Compare transactions recorded in the acquisitions journal to the vendors invoices, receiving reports, purchase orders, and purchase requisitions to verify that they have been recorded at their correct amounts, date, and quantities.Other factors that aided in this investigation are from checking cash, and outlay journal entries to be dated with the date of the check. The related monthly general ledger summary entries shall carry the date of the month summarized. Procedures that need to be implement ed to ensure that fraudulent processing of vendor invoices does not exists would consist of Only original invoices being processed for payment Proper allowance obtained for price differences on invoices Proper authorization obtained for quantity differences on invoices Invoices received from authorized vendors Check stock should have pre-printed sequential numbers and logged in a register Separation of duty for printing and mailing of vendor checks Separation of duty for computer vendor masters leaning and updates Ensure merchandise is properly delivered to a company facility. Reviewing general ledger entries for unusual amount and date of the year.The substantive procedures to test effectiveness of inner controls for recording expense is to examine accounting records, reports, documents, control related activities, and client procedures. The implementation of above mentioned procedures will decrease the risk of fraud and abuse in an organization. References Wells, J. T. ( 2005). Principles of Fraud Examination. Hoboken, NJ McGraw-Hill. Mulford, C. W. , &038 Comiskey, E. E. (2002). The Financial Numbers Game. Hoboken, NJ jakes Wiley &038 Sons, Inc.

The 7 Key Differences Between Business-to-Business

The 7 be given Differences Between commerce-to- work and consumer marketing by Robert W. Bly When asked if he could write an effective contract mail package on a complex electronic find carcass, a well-known direct answer copywriter replied, No problem. It doesnt involvement what the everywherelap is. You be shoping to people. And people ar pretty oft the same. Hes wrong. Yes, there argon similarities. But there atomic number 18 similarly differences in covering to business and professional emptors vs. the general public. In fact, here be cardinal key factors that pit business-to-business marketing isolated from consumer marketing . The business purchaser wants to buy. Most consumer advertising contributes people products they expertness enjoy but dont really need. How many subscription promotions, for example, sell publications that the reader truly could non live without? If we subscribe, we do so for entertainment not beca role the information offere d is essential to our day-to-day activity. But in business-to-business marketing, the web site is different. The business buyer wants to buy. Indeed, all business enterprises must routinely buy products and services that friend them stay profitable, competitive, and successful.The proof of his is the existence of the acquire agent, whose bushel function is to buy things. 2. The business buyer is sophisticated. contrast-to-business copy talks to a sophisticated audience. Your typical reader has a high interest in and understanding of your product (or at least of the problem it solves). Importantly, the reader normally knows much about the product and its use than you do. It would be folly, for example, to believe that a few days spent reading about mainframe computers bequeath educate you to the level of your target candidate a systems analyst with six or seven years experience. This realization makes business-to-business writers somewhat more grim than their consumer c ounterparts. ) The sophistication of the reader requires the business-to-business copywriter to do a direful amount of interrogation and digging into the market, the product, and its application. The business audience does not respond well to slogans or oversimplification. 3. The business buyer pass on read a dance orchestra of copy. The business buyer is an information- mark offker, constantly on the lookout for information and advice that asshole help the buyer do the job better, increase profits, or advance his career. Our prospects are turned off by colorful, advertising-type sales brochures, ranges the marketing manager of a ships lodge selling complex systems software products to large IBM data centers. They are hungry for information and respond better to letters and bulletins that explain, in middling technical terms, what our product is and how it solves a particular data-center problem. Dont be afraid to write long copy in mailers, ads, and fulfillment brochures. Prospects will read your message if it is interesting, important, and relevant to their needs.And dont hesitate to use informational pieces as response hooks for ads and mailers. The offer of a free booklet, report, or technical guide can still pull well despite the glut of reading matter clogging the prospects in-basket. 4. A multistep buying process. In consumer direct response, copywriters fees are geared toward producing the package an work up mailing that does the bulk of the selling job for a publication, insurance policy, or other mail order product. But in business-to-business direct marketing, the fancy of package or control is virtually non-existent.Why? Because the grease ones palms of most business products is a multistep buying process. A vice president of manufacturing doesnt ramble on a coupon and order a $35,000 machine by mail. early he asks for a brochure. Then a sales meeting. Then a demonstration. Then a 30-day trial. Then a proposal or contract. Thus, it is not a single piece of copy that wins the contract award. Rather, it takes a serial of letters, brochures, presentations, ads, and mailers combined with the efforts of salespeople to turn a cold lead into a pay customer. 5. Multiple buying influences.You dont usually consult with a team of experts when you want to buy a fast-food hamburger, a soda, bottle of shampoo, or a pair of shoes, do you? In most consumer selling situations, the leverage decision is made by an individual. But a business purchase is usually a team effort, with many players intricate. For this reason, a business purchase is rarely an impulse buy. Many people influence the decision from the purchasing agent and company president, to technical professionals and end-users. Each of these audiences has different concerns and criteria by which they judge you.To be successful, your copy must address the needs of all parties involved with the decision. In many cases, this requires separate mailings to many d ifferent people in spite of appearance an organization. 6. furrow products are more complex. Most business products and their applications are more complex than consumer products. (For example, clients I now serve include a commercial bank, a manufacturer of elevator control systems, a data bear upon training firm, a database marketing company, a mailing list broker, a general contractor, and a semiconductor manufacturer. Business-to-business copy cannot be superficial. Clarity is essential. You cannot sell by fooling the prospect or hiding the identity of your product. half the battle is explaining, quickly and simply, what your product is, what it does, and wherefore the reader should be enkindle in it. In high-tech direct mail, the key is to educate the prospect, put Mark Toner, who manages the advertising program for Amano, a manufacturer of computerized time-clock systems. With a product like ours, most customers dont even know of its existence. In short, in business-t o-business marketing, the rules are different. In the months to come, well explore ways to increase response and profits in this exciting and challenging marketplace. Business buyers are expression for personal eudaemonias by Robert W. Bly In a column titled The 7 Key Differences Between Business-To-Business And Consumer Marketing, I described the six key factors that set business-to-business marketing apart from consumer marketing. They are The business buyer wants to buy. The business buyer is sophisticated.The business buyer is an information seeker who will read a lot of copy. Business-to-business marketing involves a multistep buying process. The buying decision is often made by a committee and not by an individual. Business products are generally more complex than consumer products. Recently, I have theorize a seventh principle which I would like to add to the list The business buyer buys for his companys benefit and his own. There are two parts to this principle. allows take them one at a time. The Business purchaser Buys For His Companys BenefitThe business buyer must acquire products and services that benefit his company. This means the product or service saves the company time or money, makes money, improves productivity, increases efficiency or solves problems. Lets verbalise, for example, that you sell a telecommunications network and your direct advantage over the competition is that your system reduces monthly operating expenses by 50 percent. If a prospect is spending $40,000 a month for your competitors network, you can replace it and provide his company with the same level of service for whole $20,000 a month.The company benefits because it saves $240,000 a year in communications be more than $1 million in a five-year period. Yet, despite this tremendous benefit, you find that prospects are not buying. They seem interested, and you get a lot of inquiries. But few sales are closed. Why? Because in do-gooder to buying for his compan ys benefit, the prospect also buys for himself. The Business Buyer Buys For His Own Benefit The second part of principle 7 is that, sequence the buyer is looking to do right by his company, he has an fit (if not greater) concern for his own well-being and selfish interests.Although the idea of economic system $240,000 a year with your telecommunications system is appealing to your prospect, his thought process is as follows Right now I have an AT&038T system. Your system sounds good but I dont know you or your company. If I switch and something goes wrong, I will be blamed. I may even get fired. My boss will say, You shouldnt have gambled on an unproven product from an unknown vendor why didnt you queer with good ole reliable AT&038T? He will say this even though he approved my decision. So to be safe, I will stick with my current system ven though it costs my company an extra $240,000 a year. After all, Id rather see them spend an extra $240,000 a year than me lose my $60,00 0-a-year-job This play-it-safe mentality is barely natural, and it affects buying decisions daily in corporations throughout the country. Data processing professionals are fond of saying, Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM. Buying IBM ensures the prospect that no one can criticize his decision, even if brand X is the better choice from a business and technical point of view.A incorporated pension fund manager, writing in Money magazine, noted that no money manager ever got fired for losing money invested in a blue-chip stock. A different example, but the principle remains the same. The Business Buyer Is For Himself Concern for making the safe, acceptable decision is a primary motivation of business buyers, but it is not the only reason why business buyers choose products, services and suppliers that are not necessarily the outstrip business solution to their companys problem. Avoiding stress or misadventure is a big concern among prospects.For example, a consultant might off er a new system for increasing productivity, but it means more paperwork for the exaltation department and especially for the head of the shipping department. If he has anything to say about it, and thinks no one will criticize him for it, the head of shipping will, in this case, work to sway the committee against engaging the consultant or using his system even though the current procedures are not efficient. The department head, already overworked, wants to annul something he perceives as a hassle and a headache, despite its contribution to the greater good of the organization.Fear of the unknown is also a efficacious motivator. A middle manager, for example, might vote against acquiring desktop publishing and putting a terminal on every managers desk because he himself has computer phobia. Even though he recognizes the benefit such technology can bring to his department, he wants to avoid the pain of learning something he perceives to be difficult and frightening. Again, perso nal benefit outweighs corporate benefit in this situation. Fear of loss is another powerful motivator. An advertising manager in a company that has handled its advertising in-house for the retiring(a) decade may esist his presidents suggestion that they retain an outside advertising agency to handle the companys rapidly expanding marketing campaign. Even if he respects the ad agency and believes they will do a good job, the ad manager may campaign against them, fearing that legal transfer in outside experts will diminish his own status indoors the company. In these and many other instances, the business buyer is for himself first and his company, second. To be successful, your copy must not only promise the benefits the prospect desires for his company it should also speak to the prospects personal agenda, as well.

Iso Guideline Document

rove directors Guide ISO 90012008 implementation 2008 The 9000 retention www. the9000store. com varlet 1 of 10 dishearten of Contents display 3 labor movement architectural plan 4 programing and Conducting the first step abstract 6 The cooking concourses 8 Holding childbed Group group Meetings bulge Plan Template concomitant A mean Meeting Agenda and Hand disclose appurtenance B depute Group Meeting Agenda and Handout Appendix C 2008 The 9000 storehouse www. the9000store. com paginate 2 of 10 Introduction This hear managers guide is designed to serve up you plan and manage your ISO 90012008 chuck development The 9000 stick in entryed pure tone System. (All items in blue text be available at www. The9000Store. com) The Documented Quality System includes a Quality Manual, Procedures and Forms for an ISO 90012008 Quality concern System.If you purchased the Complete Documentation and Training mailboat you excessively received the Online Training S ession, Training Materials Package and possibility psychoanalysis. All of the documents in the Documented Quality System be in Microsoft Word or Excel, and be very easy to edit. You leave behind make this clay your ingest by look backing and editing the procedures, manual and forms. You ordain also be qualification changes to your existing cognitive dishes so you meet the requirements of the ISO 90012008 Standard. This throw away plan ordain help you manage these changes. The basic steps we recommend ar 1. 2. 3. 4. The regurgitate motorcoach achieves the Online Training Session.The Project Manager prepares a Project Plan. counselling and the Project Manager list an ISO 9001 counselling aggroup. The Project Manager and opposites shoot a col Analysis with the Gap Analysis Checklist. 5. The ISO 9001 way squad advance responsibilities for customizing severally procedure to a aggroup or individual. 6. Document measurable for individually process. 7. tea m up up leaders hold squad face-offs to revise processes and procedures found on the results of the Gap Analysis and the prepared Procedures. 8. The Project Manager trains employees on ISO 90012008 victimization the Training Materials Package. . The ISO 9001 Steering Team reviews the procedures as they are murderd. 10. The Project Manager trains internal meeters using the Internal Auditor Training Materials Package available at www. The9000Store. com 11. The system is used for several months while records are collected and improvements are made. 12. The fipple pipe comes to inspect. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. com scalawag 3 of 10 This guide outlines these steps in more detail, and provides forms and templates to help you. This is a recommended plan, and you whitethorn change it to suit your organization. Project Plan A. construe the project goals (Use the Project Plan Template in Appendix A) In order to fuck off planning, you pass on postulate to determine wh at your goals are for the project. Answer these questions 1. When result you divide your project? Consider the start of your project as the project of the Gap Analysis. When volition you be ready to conduct the Gap Analysis? Recommended steps to be completed before conducting the Gap Analysis a. Identify one or more people to conduct the Gap Analysis it is helpful if they involve some timberland system experience or analyse experience. b. sign the Gap Analysis Checklist. c. document the Gap Analysis, and communicate to all employees what is being done, and why. You get out want to be able to make the employees comfortable with answering your size upors questions. (The listener is the person conducting the gap analysis. It whitethorn be an audit police squad or one individual) 2. When does your company want to have an ISO 90012008 security measures in hand? The answer to this question depart determine your fourth dimensionline. a. The shorter succession frame allowed for the project, the more resources the project leave behind demand during implementation. b. It is important to chicane what your goal is because other periods impart be determined by this cultivation. c.Find out if there are company goals, are there clients that are requesting support or other circumstances that get out determine the date? d. Your date may be revised later. You exit use this as a bum date, and as we move along to the gap analysis and creating the labor movement list you go out be able to determine if the date is realistic. It will become out on what you authenticly have in place for your quality system, and how many resources you have available for the project. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. com Page 4 of 10 The Project Plan B. Identify Project Responsibilities It is important to determine who will be leading this project.Are you the person leading the charge? If so, you would be the project manager. You do non essential to identify the steering representative at this point. You will fate to clarify who makes up Top charge. The standard has requirements to be fulfilled by Top Management, and the sooner they are knotty in this project the better. 1. Who is your project manager? 2. Who makes up Top Management at your organization? 3. Who should be on the ISO 9001 Steering Team? (This team will play an important role in planning, coordinating and providing resources for the ISO 9001 project. put one across Appendix B for team responsibilities. C. Begin to fill in the Project Timeline 1. When will you conduct your Gap Analysis and how long will it subscribe to to complete? a. A Gap Analysis can typically give in anywhere from 2 days to 5 days to perform. It will depend on the size of your organization, the number of auditors, the state of your accredited quality system and the experience of your auditors. 2. set responsibilities a. This will take one or deuce meetings. The project manager and top management shou ld be involved. Choose a date afterward the task list has been completed. You will use this sayation to assign responsibility. See section 2 plan and Holding the plan Meetings) 3. Target a date for Introductory learning for all employees. a. You will want your employees to be conscious(predicate) of the project, what will deficiency to be done, who will be involved, and why you are implementing ISO 90012008. Choose a date that is after the meeting discussed above. That way you can decide if some people that will be involved in the project take up more little bringing up, and you can let employees make out who will be working on the project. Use the Training Materials Package to conduct the training sessions. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. om Page 5 of 10 The Gap Analysis Scheduling and Conducting the Gap Analysis A. Schedule the Gap 1. follow-up the project plan a. Who did you identify to conduct the gap? b. Schedule the Gap Analysis, and communicate to all emp loyees what is being done, and why. You will want to be able to make the employees comfortable with answering your auditors questions. c. You may want to consider takeing out a newsletter to inform employees that the Gap will be performed, by whom, when and why the Gap is being performed. 2. The audit schedule a. Determine if you will audit by process/procedure or by area of the eagerness.Our approach is usually to audit by area of the facility. b. Divide the facility into manageable areas. Schedule time to audit each section of the standard that applies to the area. c. If you are using an audit team, assign the team to cover the various areas of the facility. d. Arrange your Gap Analysis checklists so each auditor will have the sections of the standard that are applicable in the areas they will cover. e. Arrange your checklists so each auditor will have the sections of the standard that are applicable in the areas they will cover. B. Conducting the Audit 1.Follow the schedule tha t you have prepared. Go into each area of the facility to evaluate the current quality system. Focus on what is in place, and what is not in place. Remind auditors that you are not focusing on conformance or non compliance to the current system, but on the design of the current system, and how it matches the ISO 90012008 requirements. 2. Take notes on what is in place, and what will lease to be authentic and changed. Take complete notes, reference documents and examples. C. Reporting 1. Summarize the audit findings in the form of a task list. You will usually dentify several categories of tasks. Processes that follow with the standard and are documented. Processes that comply with the standard and must be documented. Processes that do not comply with the standard and must be redesigned. Processes required by the standard that are not currently in place. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. com Page 6 of 10 The Gap Analysis For each requirement (or hardening of requiremen ts) of the standard you will want to identify the status of the current system. The ISO 9001 Steering Team will use this information as they assign responsibility and timelines to Teams.Teams will be assigned responsibility for development of a procedure. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. com Page 7 of 10 The be after Meeting The homework Meetings A. Planning your meeting 1. Determine who should attend. Include top management. Answer these questions a. Who will be able to decide which employees will be assigned tasks? b. go away they know whether the employees workload will be able to accommodate the assigned tasks? c. Who is amenable for resources and can make resources available to the ISO 9001 project? d. This group should continue meeting as the ISO 9001 Steering Team 2.Create an Agenda, items to include a. Explain the Implementation stairs to the group (see handout in Appendix B) b. Discuss Responsibilities of the ISO 9001 Steering Team (see handout in Appendix B) c. define the tasks to individuals or teams. (Use tables from Appendix B) critical review the responsibilities to make sure that they are well dispersed, not assigned to a great extent to one group or one individual. For each team identify a team leader. It works very well to have a member of the ISO Steering Team as a leader for each of the depute Group teams.It provides good communication between the teams and the ISO Steering Team throughout the project. d. Determine resources required for completion of the tasks. Will teams or individuals need assistance with other responsibilities during the ISO 9001 project? What kind of expert guidance will be ask to allow these teams or individuals to complete the tasks efficiently and efficaciously? 1. Assistance from the management representative? 2. Prepared materials? 3. special(a) Training? e. assume dates to tasks. (Use table from Appendix B) Stagger start dates harmonise to resources available. Determine which tasks you ne ed to complete in the beginning to allow others to build on, for example Management Responsibility. Complete the Quality form _or_ system of government and Quality Goals as well as identifying key processes and their interrelation wee on in the project. Estimate the list of time take to complete each task based on the amount of resources available to the task. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. com Page 8 of 10 The childbed Group Meeting Holding problem Group Team Meetings The team leader is responsible for scheduling the first team meeting according to the plan on the Gantt chart. 1. An order of business is provided in Appendix C a.Explain the Implementation step to the group (use the Task Group Team Handout in Appendix C) b. Discuss Responsibilities of the ISO 9001 Steering Team (use the Task Group Team Handout in Appendix C) c. Hand out the procedure that the team will be responsible for. d. Hand out the section of the Gap Analysis that applies to the team. e. Deter mine resources required for completion of the tasks. Will teams or individuals need assistance with other responsibilities during the ISO 9001 project? What kind of technical guidance will be needed to allow these teams or individuals to complete the tasks efficiently and effectively? . Assistance from the management representative? 2. Prepared materials? 3. Special Training? 2. Assign dates to tasks from the Gap Analysis using the start and arouse date on the Gantt chart. The team leader should print copies of the section of the Gap Analysis that are relevant to the team. a. Explain to the team that the Procedure and your process must match. several(prenominal) of your processes (the way you do things) will need to be changed to meet requirements of the standard, and part of the procedure will need to be edited to accurately learn what you do. b.List the requirements from the Gap Analysis Checklist that you are not currently meeting. These will need to be evaluated to determ ine if you will change your process to match the procedure, or alter your process to meet the standard and edit the procedure. c. List the requirements from the Gap Analysis Checklist that you are meeting. Evaluate these against the procedure to see if edits are needed to the Procedure, or if the process documented in the procedure will work better for you. d. Schedule next meeting. During the next meetings you will work on the tasks that you have listed above. . Once the process has been determined the procedure will need to be finalized and sent for approval by the ISO 9001 Steering Team. 2008 The 9000 Store www. the9000store. com Page 9 of 10 The Task Group Meeting 3. Discuss the contiguous agenda f. train The 9000 Store Procedure (Or for the team responsible for the quality manual read The 9000 Store Quality Manual and compare to current processes. g. Assign tasks for implementing changes in your processes and editing prepared procedure. h. Set next agenda i. Schedule next me eting 2008 The 9000 Store www. he9000store. com Page 10 of 10 Appendix A The Project Plan Project Plan ISO 90012008 Project goals Start get wind Target alteration Date Responsibilities Project Manager Management Representative Top Management ISO 90012008 Steering Team Project timeline Step Gap Analysis Create Task List Assign Responsibilities Introductory Training Design and Implementation System Complete Registration Audit Certificate Received Schedule Date Completion Date 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Appendix A Appendix B ISO 90012008 Planning Meeting Planning Meeting HandoutsAgenda suss out the Implementation Steps (see handout attached) Discuss Responsibilities of the ISO 9001 Steering Team (see handout attached) Assign individuals to teams for each task group. (Use tables from Appendix B) Determine resources required for completion of the tasks. a. Will teams or individuals need assistance with other responsibilities during the ISO 90012008 project? b. What kind of technical gui dance will be needed to allow these teams or individuals to complete the tasks efficiently and effectively? Assistance from the management representative? Prepared materials? Special Training? 5. Assign dates to tasks. (Use table from Appendix B) a. Stagger start dates according to resources available. b. Determine which tasks you need to complete in the beginning to allow others to build on, for example Management Responsibility and Document cut back should start early in the project. Complete the Quality Policy and Quality Goals as well as identifying key processes and their interrelation early on in the project. c. Estimate the amount of time needed to complete each task based on the amount of resources available to the task.Refer to the Gap Analysis results to determine how much work each team has to complete. 6. Schedule employee training sessions using the Training Materials Package a. All employees need training on the ISO 90012008 Standard. Providing the training early on in the project makes everyone aware of the projects and its goals. 1. 2. 3. 4. *Keep minutes of all of the ISO 9001 Planning and Steering Team meetings. This helps launch top management involvement in the development of the ISO 90012008 Quality Management System. Record attendees. Appendix B Appendix B ISO 90012008 Planning MeetingImplementation Steps 1. The team of people assigned responsibility will use the The 9000 Store Procedures, Quality Manual and Forms as a foundation for the process to appeal the requirements of the standard. The team will use the task list to identify what areas need changes to processes. 2. Each responsible team will evaluate the process presented in the procedure, determine if any changes are infallible for your organization, and make edits to the procedure and forms. 3. The team will finalize the procedure and send it to the ISO 9001 Steering Team for review and approval. . The team will train employees that are affected by or have responsibility fo r the procedure. 5. The employees will start following the documented process and maintaining records. ISO 90012008 Steering Team Responsibilities 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify team members for each procedure. Assign target start date and completion date for each team. Identify training needs for employees and schedule training sessions for ISO 90012008 Meet on a mending basis to evaluate progress, answer questions for the teams and evaluate resource needs for the implementation. . Review and approve procedures as they are finalized. 6. Evaluate and choose a Registrar Appendix B Appendix B ISO 90012008 Planning Meeting Task Assignments Task Group Quality Manual Document train operate on of Quality Records Management Responsibility Competence, Awareness and Training Infrastructure Planning of Product Realization Processes node Related Processes Design and Development acquire Control of Production and Service Provision Identification and Traceability Customer proportion Team MembersTeam Leader Appendix B Appendix B ISO 90012008 Planning Meeting Task Group saving of Product Control of measuring stick and Monitoring Devices Monitoring, meter and Analysis of Customer Satisfaction Internal Audits Monitoring, Measuring and Analysis of Product and Realization Processes Control of Nonconforming Product tonic Action and Preventive Action Team Members Team Leader Appendix B Appendix B ISO 90012008 Planning Meeting Project Gantt chart (Change headings to the months you expect your project to run.Then identify when each team will start and stop, shade the time that each team will run) month 1 month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Task Group Document Control Control of Quality Records Management Responsibility Competence, Awareness and Training Infrastructure Planning of Product Realization Processes Customer Related Processes Design and Development buying Control of Production and Service Provision Identification and Traceability Customer bi llet Appendix BAppendix B ISO 90012008 Planning Meeting Task Group Preservation of Product Control of Measuring and Monitoring Devices Monitoring, Measuring and Analysis of Customer Satisfaction Internal Audits Monitoring, Measuring and Analysis of Product and Realization Processes Control of Nonconforming Product Corrective Action and Preventive Action Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Appendix B Appendix C Task Group Team Meeting Task Group Meeting Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Review the Implementation Steps to the group Review Responsibilities of the ISO 90012008 Steering Team Review procedure that the team will be responsible for. Review the section of the Gap Analysis that applies to the team. Determine resources required for completion of the tasks. a. Will the team need assistance with other responsibilities during the ISO 90012008 project? b. What kind of technical guidance will be needed to allow the team to complete the tasks efficiently and e ffectively? 1. Assistance from the management representative? . Prepared materials? 3. Special Training? 6. Assign dates to tasks from Gap Analysis using the start and finish date on the Gantt chart. 7. Schedule next meeting. 8. Next agenda 1. Read The 9000 Store Procedure and compare to current processes. 2. Assign tasks for implementing changes in your processes and editing prepared procedure. Implementation Steps 1. The team assigned responsibility for each procedure will use the The 9000 Store Procedure as a foundation for the process to address the requirements of the standard.The team will use the task list to identify what areas need changes to processes. 2. Each responsible team will evaluate the process presented in the procedure, determine if any changes are necessary for your organization, and make edits to the procedure and forms. 3. The team will finalize the procedure and send it to the ISO 90012008 Steering Team for review and approval. 4. The team will train employee s that are affected by or have responsibility for the procedure. 5. The employees will start following the documented process and maintaining records.Appendix C Appendix C Task Group Team Meeting ISO 90012008 Steering Team Responsibilities 1. Identify team members for each procedure. 2. Assign target start date and completion date for each team. 3. Identify training needs for employees and schedule training sessions a. Employee Introduction to ISO 90012008 using the Training Materials Package b. Internal Auditor Training using the Internal Auditor Training Materials Package 4. Meet on a regular basis to evaluate progress,

Buddhist schools Essay

The soonest and the most raw material form of civilises were Theravada and Mahayana which have been derived from the basic trainings of Buddha. These ar rattling analogous teachings b bely with incompatible interpretations. Both of them have Dharma which is the basic teaching of Buddha. Both of these schools have near animosity between them. All the grey Asian countries and Vietnam have accepted the principles of Theravada. Any differences between the schools atomic number 18 sm both fry matters are do non hinder in one basic belief of Buddhas teachings.It is one of the earliest forms of teaching found in the history of Buddhism and is one of the most orthodox withal . Theravada school emphasizes on meditation and helps in understanding the psychological nature of a human beings being. According to Mahayana school of teachings, salvation female genital organ lonesome(prenominal) be achieved if we intrust Amitabha. Such person longs to be born in the paradise, beca use he has through good deeds and followed the teachings of Buddha. The philosophy of this school is very unique. According to them in request to gain enlightenment a person should inward and non outward.Intuition is one thing this school emphasizes upon, as intuition is strictly inward. Mahayana was previously known as Mahasanghikas and after a few decades of its organization it became so usual that it revolutionized the Buddhist teachings. Sutra and Vinaya were translated according to them, and in the due exhibit they too had to reject some texts. The Mahayana philosophy grew more with the concept that Buddhas are lokottara. This means that they are connected to the world only by some external force and it has no impact internally .Why did Mahayana begin more accepted? It is because the Mahayana ritual and imagery attracted the Vietnamese. Its ceremonies were in conformity with lord Vietnamese beliefs and rituals. This school of Buddhism also combined folklore with Taoist teachings. The enlightened ones in Buddhism were respected as animist spirits. In 7th century C. E, Mahayana school became a little more developed. It was then called Vajrayana. This had an influence of Hinduism also but had similar teachings as of Mahayana.The aim of Vajrayana is the same as that in Mahayana, that is to derive Buddhahood, but the tantric practices showed a quick way to achieve this exterminate . CONCLUSION From very early period Buddhists are concerned close to study. In third century to the highest degree 9 Dhamma missionaries were sent to different areas of south East Asia in order to teach people about Buddhism . This is the oldest example telling Buddhists concern about Buddhist studies. These 9 Dhamma missionaries started a wave of missionaries. These were sent to Sri Lanka, Thailand and china etc.Today, due to these missionaries and Buddhist schools, Buddhists are present in very corner of the world. Vietnamese Buddhist precept leaders are very much co ncerned about the world-wide demands and needs of Buddhist education. In 1975, when the country got united, there already was a higher education institution in South it was named Van Hanh University. This university was popular internationally and had close interaction with m all other universities of the world. After eighties 2 advanced schools were established in Ha Noi and Ho khi Minh City. These schools practised monks and nuns at B.A level. Due to growing demand these two higher education schools were later turned in to universities. These now trained monks and nuns at not only undergraduate level but also postgraduate level. In 1997, one more Buddhist university was formed, this time in Hue city. Today, there are nigh 40, 000 monks and nuns. There are almost six colleges and 31 high schools teaching Buddhism . Buddhism has made great fall out in Vietnam. A national calligraphic system which replaced Chinese was also introduced. This helped everybody get on the same plat form and understand each other well.Before that it was difficult to have the entire nation on the same page, as the Vietnamese language lacked its own script. People, who did not understand Chinese, could not read books, as all the books were in Chinese. In Vietnam, the Buddhist studies do not influence just art, philosophy or painting. Theatre also serves as a conveyer of the legends, stories and facts about Buddhism. Buddhism is not only a source which quenches the thirst of the intellectuals. It quenches the thirst of the spirit also. Buddhist studies have changed the agone and present of Vietnam.The Vietnamese Buddhists go far and wide in order to give a vent to the knowledge and impart it to the others. Buddhism has prospered leaps and bounds in the country. Though there are many rival religions in the country, Buddhism is by far the most popular one. As mentioned earlier, almost two thirds of the people practices Buddhism. During 968 it was made the state religion. Buddhism in Vietnam is no wonder superior than any other religion there, as it is not only accepted in public but also helped in the moral and spiritual training of the familiar public.People believe it and accept it by heart. They call it the religion of compassion. The relievo of Buddhism can be seen in art and literature as well. medication has also been inspired from it. Today there are almost 15,000 fear places in Vietnam as compared to none in the beginning. There are almost ten million Buddhists all over the world. Vietnam alone has some 40,000 nuns. It was only 20,000 twenty years back. The development Buddhist studies have done can be clearly understood from the fact that today there are almost four Buddhist universities as compared to only one in 1981.Van Hanh was the first Buddhist school. Today there are schools all over Hanoi, Hue, Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho. There are almost six colleges and 31 high schools for Buddhists. There are uncountable poetry of grassroots schoo ls in many other provinces. This clearly shows that Buddhism has made a lot of progress since Buddhism first entered Vietnam . Buddhist monks are now not only studyin Buddhism in monasteries and colleges but are getting higher education all over the world. They are studying various subjects and religion in order to increase their knowledge.Not only have they had attained temporal knowledge, but spiritual knowledge which will lead them to enlightenment.References Anson, Binh. (n. d). Theravada Buddhism in Vietnam. Retrieved January 31, 2008 from http//www. budsas. org/ebud/vn_thera. htm Brough, John. (n. d). Gandhari Dharmapada. India (n. p). Clark, Laura and Brown, Suzanne. (n. d). Buddhism in Vietnam. Retrieved January 31, 2008 from http//journals. iranscience. net800/mcel. pacificu. edu/mcel. pacificu. edu/as/students/vb/INDEX. HTM.

America’s Commercial Airline Industry

1989 has been a year in which both(prenominal) aviation experts and spokesmen. For the riotous public become expressed intensified guardianship over what they perceive to be a substantial deterioration in the guard duty of Americas passenger argumentline operations. In the initial nine months of 1989 alone, in that location have been ten opprobrious circulate crashes involving galactic transpose-category planes own by U. S. based carriers (Ott p. 28). This comp bes disfavorably to the first nine of months of 1988, when nevertheless(prenominal) deuce such(prenominal) accidents took stupefy, and in fact, it is the highest number of death-causing accidents for the Ameri canful commercial aviation manufacturing during the 1980s (Fotos p. ).This spate of disseminateborne tragedies has prompted interested parties to ask a serial publication of disturbing questions. Is it now safe to fly on American owned furrowline businesss, and, related to this, is it now riskier to board these planes than it was before diligence deregulation took place in 1978? What, if any, specific factors have contributed to the perceived decline in the industrys natural rubber standards? Finally, what, if anything, can be done to enhance the airworthiness of U. S. passenger planes and to improve the safety performance of the crews who man them?In this paper, all lead of these questions will be addressed, and, without advancing too far ahead, we discover that on that point simply are no definitive answers to any of them. As dependable accidents among Americas air carriers have mounted in 1989, a conventional wisdom has supplied a plausible account of the historical grow of the present safety problem. In 1978, the Federal government de-regulated the U. S. airway industry. go about with an increasingly competitive environment, individual carriers tried to hold down fares by making cost-related cuts in policies and procedures related to safety.Many have argued that, inc reased contender may lead airlines to skimp on investments in safety,(Bornstein and Zimmerman p. 913) by, for example, allowing maturation planes to dumbfound to the skies following routine supervisions rather than replacing them with new craft. But there is an overarching problem with this explanation 1989&8243s accidents apart, empirical data suggest that it is presently safer to fly on a plane operated by a major U. S. air carrier than it was ten geezerhood agoIn 1978, the betting comics of a large airliners becoming involved in fatal crash were one for every meg aircraft departures ten years later, that equipoise has dropped to or so one in every 2. 25 million departures (McConnel p. 207). On the whole, it is, in fact, comparatively safe to fly, and charge with 1989 crash incidents added to the aggregated figures, flying is no more dangerous today than it was prior to deregulation. The Federal gentle wind Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board and an array of independent air safety experts have all probed this years major airline accidents.Despite all of post hoc study, they have been unable to discern a common link among them, (Ott p. 28) with one major exception. The qualification at generate refers to dramatic increase in the volume of air work since de-regulation. agree to NTSB member John Lauber, if there is a trend in accidents, it is a trend set by the increasing volume of air transport operations rather than any fundamental deterioration in the margins of safety (Ott p. 28).At first glance, this argument is comforting more courses in the air simply result in more accidents commensurate with higher traffic volumes, so that the impact of de-regulation has had only the broadest and most indirect influences upon the industrys safety express. But to ascribe the new-fashioned rash of safety problems to the deaf(p) effect of higher traffic volume in the wake of de-regulation and abandon it at that overlooks severa l critical points.For example, to remain competitive, many airlines schedule line of achievements in clusters for the convenience of their passengers. This, in turn, as Rudolf Kapustin (an independent industry- watcher) states, tends to increase risks among flight occurring at peak times (Ott p. 28). Far more worri most, when accidents for smaller, commuter train or regional airlines are factored in, we find that 16 percent of all airlines had safety records considerably worse than the norm, accounting for nearly 80 percent of all airborne accidents between 1977 and 1984 (Ott p. 30).These figures strongly indicate that policies and practices by the airlines themselves may have acted as variables that have had a role in recent accidents. There are both major factors that appear to have had a part in this years major carrier crashes, both of which can be related to cost cutting challenges upon the airlines unleashed by de-regulation. The first of these concerns the planes themselv es. There is differentiate to suggest that around U. S. airlines are run a higher circumstances of high time or geriatric aircraft than was previously the case.About 2,300 of the 8,000 odd commercial jets flown by major airline crews have passed twenty years of continuous renovation. Plainly, aging eliminates have some immediate linkage to two recent air fatalities. In April, 1988 Aloha Airlines 737 undergo a structural collapse a huge section of the upper fuselage pee guide turned one flight attendant was killed and sixerty-one passengers were injured. The aircraft in question, investigators found, had logged some 90,000 take-off/ come duty cycle, the second highest number recorded by any jetliner operational in the free world.Eight months later, with the Aloha case still infra study, a United Airlines 747 bound for Honolulu literally disintegrated in the air over the Pacific Ocean, resulting in nine deaths. This craft was another(prenominal) stager plane, one that had a maintenance record suggesting increasing safety problems. Clearly, there is an scotch motive behind airline operation of geriatric planes. A Boeing 737, for example, cost around $25 million at present, so that, it is in the economic interest of an airline to prolong the life of its current fleet if it can do so at reasonable cost and without pliant safety.In the opinion of some critics, disposed the competitive pressures of a de-regulated market environment, some airlines are paying too much attention to this economic imperative, and, conversely, too little care to the maintenance of adequate safety standards. nigh jet transport accidents are not the result of equipment failure a full two-thirds can be attributed to human error. At present, all U. S. air carriers, major airlines and regionals athe likes of, are facing a reduced pool of drug-addicted pilots and flight personnel to staff their crews.De-regulation has meant a higher direct of drive for a finite number of fi t crew members, and, at the alike time, the number of potential crew members leaving the nations arm forces (the traditional mainstay of new hires for the airlines) has dropped sharply in recent years. As has been noted in a recent issue of Aviation hebdomad & Space Technology the major airlines are reported to be drastically reducing the amount of flying time they require from applicants, and go there is no famine of applicants (there is) a shortage of highly pendant ones (Pilot Turnover p. 91).Inexperienced pilots tend to make more mistakes than their veteran counterparts, so that the wear demand growth that has taken place with deregulation coupled with a reduced number of former armed forces pilots available may well be a factor undermining airline safety. Having stated that it is, in general, safe to board U. S. operated planes, yet another qualification must be made at this juncture. Smaller carriers, flying short routes and known as commuter airlines have much worse safety records than the major airlines. agree to McConnell In the past decade, commuter airlines have had 81 fatal accidents, sidesplitting 384 people. In 1987 alone 35 accidents caused 58 deaths. And in the first two months of 1988, crashes killed 22. The Commuters fatal accidents rate per 100,000 departures has averaged Seven times that of the major airlines (McConnel p. 206). These smaller carriers, like their major airlines counternumbers, are subject to FAA monitoring and regulation, and the results of FAA inquiries into the safety of the commuter lines has led the Agency to suspend or revoke commuter airline operating certificates on 58 occasions since 1981 for safety violations.The heart of the problem with the commuter airlines resides in the shrinking pool of qualified pilots available to them (Ott p. 28). Generally oblation lower pay than the majors, the commuter lines have experienced a expire of talent as many of their most experienced pilots have go away to take po sitions with the majors. In 1985, major U. S. carriers hired some 7,600n new pilots the volume of them previously worked for commuter airlines (McConnel p. 209).At the same time, willingness of the majors to accept slight qualified pilots from sources apart from the regionals has decreased the quality of regional hires yet another notch (Pilot Turnover p. 91). The trend toward less experienced crews in this component of the industry is undeniable. The pilots hired by U. S. regionals who had less than 2,000 hr. flight time rise 22. 3% of those hired in 1985 to 36. 2% in the first six months of 1989 (Ott p. 29). In addition to a declining level of experience in the cockpits of commuter aircraft, these pilots face demands that often exceed those placed upon pilots working for the majors.On some small carriers, pilots face several trips a day between under-equipped airfields, and in addition must plan routes, study atmospheric condition, handle baggage and even fuel the plane. Fat igue can become a factor (McConnel p. 207). To see spots, regionals have tried to lure flight instructors from flying schools into their ranks (Pilots Turnover p. 91). Unfortunately, by engaging in this practice, the regionals reduce the capacity of the nations flight schools to enlarge the pool of personnel available to all carriers.If a shortage of qualified crew members is identified as a factor that has some causal relation to a perceived decline in American air carrier safety, this effect is most acute at the level of the commuter/regional firms. The evidence regarding the effect of de-regulation upon safety for American airlines is mixed, inconclusive, but nevertheless broad enough. Common sense tells us that older planes and less experienced crews will have a negative impact upon safety, and, in the case of commuter lines, the latter has probably contributed to a performance record significantly below that of the major carriers.Given that a case can be made that identifiable variables are now eroding flight safety, the question naturally becomes What can be done to remedy or, at least, ameliorate this situation? The FAA formed an Airworthiness Assurance Task Force abruptly after the Aloha incident, and, in February, 1989, this body issued its recommendations. These proposals generally dealt with the tandem problems of aging fleets and inexperienced crews. Regarding the former, The Task Force noted that in several recent accidents, parts that had either been inspected and passed review or parts that were thought to have an infinite working life, broke down.The Airworthiness Assurance Task Force recommended to the FAA an $800 million program to upgrade older aircraft. The key provision would mandate the reliever of various parts and assemblies at specified time intervals, even if inspection detected no flaws. In other words, the industry would move to a plan of preventive replacement, rather than preventive maintenance. The plan would require repairs i n about one of every five jetliners currently in service (Hoffer p115).The FAA itself has followed up on this recommendation this year the agency mandated replacement of rivets on older 727s, and in the near future, the order will be encompassing to veteran 737s and 747s as well. The cost of all this promises to be high, amounting to an average of around $600,000 per plane. Still, conducted on a phased basis, it does not spell financial ruin for the majors, and given FAA powers, they have no choice but to comply. The FAA has in any case made recommendations regarding forward motion of crew performance.It has, for example, suggested that airlines should avoid pairing two pilots who may be qualified but inexperienced, either as pilot or in the finical aircraft type they would be flying (Ott p. 29). The Agency has also urged that only experienced pilots be given control over aircraft during times of severe weather conditions. Both of these proposals have been accepted by the indus try. Far more controversial, the FAA has also endorsed the idea of setting autonomous safety departments within each airline that would have absolute power to ground flights or personnel on the basis of safety.These departments would actively monitor pilot performance through retrospective examination of data contained in tapes on flight recorders (Fotos p. 31). Although the airlines see such a move as having safety-enhancing outcomes, the notion that control over schedule flights will be ceded by line management to a safety procedures, has met with some resistance. At bottom, implementing the FAAs suggestions will carry a timbre price tag in both financial and management labor terms, and taken together, may contribute to a second round of shakeouts, as weaker carriers will not be able to bear these costs and gallop to be competitive.

E-Commerce Infrastructure Essay

EXECUTIVE analysisGlobalization has primarily made it feasible for international slew and line of undercoating connection between neighboring countries as a come upon tabu of the gift rules of order subsist. Certainly, the aim of the gentlemans gentleman society to re of import indoors the image of economic distri preciselye and continue aiming for better results for the sake of workoutful advancements in the society, the emergence of contrary casefuls of ch angstromionshipes has been much possible to occur. Business enthusiasts became braver than they usu exclusivelyy argon in facing the disputes of establishing refreshing wave backup entities, which they believe, would bring qualifying to the human society and how they view the recent living.            Hence, affair compositions who ar oddly try to make it deep down the pains of the cosmeawide trade mustiness be adequate to existentize that the idea of globalization is assumeing the study companies universe of discoursewide. To be commensurate to implement the changes necessitate by a authorized plaque with regards the implementation of the new furtherive procedures towards a more than technologic anyy- lintel placement the teleph geniusr lacking(p) the change require to attend to s incessantlyal argonas of consideration. As for this matter, it is archetypical grave to dispute several(prenominal) elemental f shamors that could really affect a true configurationations cap qualification of facing the changes that it ought to follow up on with inwardly the global scene.            The increment developments that technology and confabulations lay down interpreted so off the beaten track(predicate) excite been an essential realm of the growing composition of technological applications. on with the technological advancements, the social living of humans b esides is except enhanced. Both economic and social lifestyles were advancing but thither was no rest in incurring the best possible progress that the developers of technological trunks wanted. With the introduction of computers to the society, the easier expression of living and completing e very(prenominal)day undertakings has live on a trend for some(prenominal) industrial workers. (Deitel, et al, 2004, 15)            However, as mentioned earlier, the development in the eyes of the ones who be in charge of the enhancement of the operating systems is never ending. Hence, although at that place were al pretend some bang-up achievements in terms of the unquestion adequate to(p) operating systems, things got better individually time thither be new innovations introduced (Warford, 2005, 41). Most of the orbits of the consummate society actually depended on technology ever since the time it was first introduced to the human c ivilization. It could non be denied then(prenominal) that among the verbalize sectors argon contrast entities. The meshwork and World Wide Web E-commerce radicalIntroduction             The e- trade system is practically an approach that is developed using the dedicate technological advancement duty officely in the information technology field. This schema utilizes primarily the conference elements of the information technology such(prenominal) as with with(predicate) interactive advertising, search engine exchange, blog merchandise, display advertising, viral merchandise, sack postings, and early(a)s to promote the intersection points, divine service and image of the personal credit line physical composition towards the national.In analyzing the e- trade system of an online institution, it is weighty to intricately study the primarily the website of the interpret tongue to organization and the trade ing principles embedded on it. By looking into their main website, one foundation critically know the structure, goals, operable approach, and other relevant items of the organization, which be relevant facts for the development of the personal perception and image of the dividing line for the public awargonness.This website offers enormous informations well-nigh the organization from their warning goals, organisational nature, and even their stemma conditions, which heap be derived from their downloadable one-year and social responsibility report. In addition, the e- tradeing approach of this website non still appends to the sale nature but also to the information raise up and human smashing sourcing of the organization as offered by their options of fact sheets, utilisation hazard aw beness, and other serve. In general, this website primarily be infers an effective market place rooster for the organization.          &nbs p The e-marketing approach of the several(predicate) organizations range from various strategies such as done their main website which promotes display advertising of their products, interactive marketing where the consumers can sink in the organization for meaning(a) sales and task c formerlyrns, search engine marketing which offer the service of easing the browsing activity of the viewing public. As such, the website catchs two a promotional approach and a descent connect interactive medium for the byplay organizations wherein the latter can relate further to the wishings and concerns of their target consumers.With regards the issue organism tell herein, the questions that could be considered ar as followsHow important is e-marketing and online obtain when it musters to the convenience of the consumers now?How effective are the approaches of the current e-marketing systems to the people of the current society?Are there possible ways to further the comfort of the p eople creation serviced by means of online shopping?BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYEverything kickoffs with a vision. From a vision comes plans, and from plans come fulfillment of the vision. Vision and plans are the primeval elements for scratch any work. An enterpriser must posses the vision and determination needed for an individual to become happy within the traffic fabrication however, these elements are non solely the needed requirements. Vision and plans are the abstract elements that contribute to transaction proceedings thusly empowering the entrepreneur to continue whatever it is that he has started. The other elements include capital, reach tush of avocation military headquarters and the people force.            The elements that were mentioned primarily give essence to the air itself. The capital is more on the monetary re antecedent needed to start the business. At times, this detail re come comes from a aggroup of entrepreneurs who decide to work unitedly for a certain organization, or on the other hand, it is sourced forbidden from lend or from the pocket of the entrepreneur himself. At some geological period, the capital actually determines the scale of the business.Land or the area intend for the business headquarters is depending on what type of business is planned to be schematic. If the business is alleged(a) to cater to several clients, there should be a place think for them that would be much convenient for business proceedings. However, if the business is online which is at trend right now or other home subjectd businesses, the area of business branch would not be much of a problem since the transactions are to be done at any convenient place possible. The people force also depends on the scale of business that is being established.            Whatever type of business is being established, it is inevitable that the entrepreneurs see to it that the different sections of the business, especially that of the people force are well taken look at of. The succeeder of the business naturally depends on the ability of the entrepreneurs to isotropy the marvellous mission as well as the activities of the organization as a business entity. This as well includes the legalities of the organization and its close connection with the existent laws for business organizations.            It could be noted that open up or establishing a business organization is not that easy to deal with. The first months of public presentation towards the first year usually deals with the different challenges of effective strategies fabricated to put the organization within the existing competition. Entering a certain business organization and arduous to make it within the business industry is a great challenge to everyone wanting to create a considerable genius in the societ y.However, once these particular challenges surrender been successfully met by the new entrepreneurs, the continuous progress of the give tongue to new established organization could be assured. This though does not mean that developments are al localise to stop once the business has been established. As for a fact, the nerve should simply mark the beginning of the progressive developments intended to help the full-length organization remain within competition as long as it exists within the business industry.            From this particular section of the study, it could be observed that the primary groundss for establishing a business should not only be lead by the need or the want of the entrepreneurs in gaining kaleable results form the business. It should be clear to the business entrepreneurs that the said operational act ask to receive hefty time for planning and attention on the pros and cons of the situation. From this par ticular assessment of business opportunities, the possibility of creating a successful source of profit could be identified in a positive point of view.            It has been for certain stressed out that the different elements of business should be given careful attention within the planning procedures. Carefully giving the said elements ample time of observation shall give the entrepreneurs to make amends on the possible weak links that could cause the failure of the business in the future.Identifying the trade Approach to be Used merchandise is one particular branch of business that deals with all the promotional views of a certain business organization. At some point, this particular sector of the organization is perceived to have a certain group of keens attending to the said needs of the organization with regards promotion and advertising. Every configuration of organization have their own marketing branch. This is specificall y because of the fact that the incoming profit that the company expects from its clients is curiously appoint by the marketing strategies created by the marketing group.            Whatever it is that the Marketing group plans shall determine the organizations success in the industry. The ability of the said in-charged group in fashioning amends for the organizations ability to make it within the industrial competition in the business world shall make it possible for the business to make a considerable reputation that could attract the clients who are being targeted by the said organization. This is particularly the reason why business organizations both titanic-scale and small-scale make it a point that the marketing procedures that they carry on for the sake of business promotion is given careful attention and as well as an ample amount of enthronement.            Particularly, marketing is a business branch that sets the path for the organization as to how they are supposed to trod the journey of success in the industry that they are dealing with. The intensity of the procedures taken by marketing experts particularly worrys to the quality of the advertising procedures that the organization ought to take into consideration for actual operational purposes. It is in this particular sector of the organization that the fast release or distribution of the go or the products offered by the organization towards the clients could be determined.            Today, the aim of competition that each business organization deals with in the human society is clearly identified by the progressive procedures taken by the marketing team of each business company. According to Website MarketingMarketing is a broad topic that covers a range of aspects, including advertising, public relations, sales, and promotions. People a great deal conf use sales with marketing, when in fact the two are very different. The former conducts getting a product or service into the market, promoting it, influencing behavior, and boost sales. Sales are the actual transaction of getting a product or service into the hands of your customers. (http//tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Marketing/Importance-of-Marketing/).The strategies of marketing that each organization adapts into is primarily defined by the financial capabilities of the said business entity t o provide the services need by the clients that pertain to promotional operations. The strong partake of the marketing strategies also usually brings about the thought that the main target of the promotional presentations is the group of people in the society who are assumed by the organization to be the primary clients of the organization. It is their interest that should be the focus of the promotional interpretations and presentations. The strategies are indeed potently differed th rough the identification of the target consumers or clients of the organization. The Website Marketing also addsStrategies in marketing have changed enormously since Jay Conrad Levinson introduced the guerrilla concept over 20 years ago. Tactics that were considered radical then are almost main stream now. With so many a(prenominal) messages bombarding the consumer in the marketplace today, it is now more difficult than ever to get your product noticed, so marketers have acquire to be creative. (http//tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Marketing/Importance-of-Marketing/).Overall, marketing could then be noted as a source of established foundation for every business organization. The impact that it has on every established business group is a primary concern that brings about possible profitable sources to the different business organizations. Indeed, marketing and the operations that are made under this particular sector of the organization assure the whole business entity of the comp etitive standing of the entire organization within the business industries.  This is particularly the reason why it has been commented that Companies without a marketing mindset are at a disadvantage in todays business world. Those who are still centered nigh their products, rather than their customers, are doomed to fail.The clients are the main target of marketing procedures, companies who are still starting and those who are already established who give lesser care in this aspect of business operations are indeed assured to have a hard time coping up with the existing competition within the industry.Getting through with all the RISKS            Planning the business and setting the marketing strategy to be utilize by the organization are simply the basic elements needed to create an organization that is intended to set sail in the journey towards global business engagements. TO be able to completely scale the capability of the org anization to show the different challenges of dealing with the international market, it is necessary that the business entrepreneurs become aware of the impending issues needed to be dealt with during international business operations.            What are the risks being referred to herein? According to Fredrick Wilcox Progress always involves risk you cannot drop off second base and keep your foot on the first base. This primarily implies the fact that there are several elements of success in business, especially concerning international relations that could not be met unless the entrepreneur collapses the risks that come along with the primary developments.            The elements of risks could be discussed as followsBusiness RisksCost of Structure- The establishment of a certain business entity especially one that is made to side international transactions should and must be based on the financial capabilities of the owner. This particularly pertains to the addressable capital that is supposed to be the basis of how large or how small the scale of the business would be. It could be observed that through several organizations ability of tell aparting the costs that may affect their operations in the new game of business that they would want to engage with would naturally identify the possible progress that they are hoping to meet in the future.Competition- Being ready for the already existing companies within the artless that goes with the same industry is necessary for an international entrepreneur to be prepared about. In the internet technology, it could not be denied that there are already companies who are able to meet the challenges that are needed to have the needed and pass judgment success on the said business venture. It is indeed necessary that several business organizations face the said competition with ample reputation and business force-out tha t would lead them to undergo the challenges of the new business venture that they aim to engage with. harvest Liability- the procedures of getting through with the laws in placing the products within the boarders of the other country should be one of the primary concerns of business entrepreneurs.Human Resource Management- Since the business would involve international engagements it is simply bonnie to expect that the employees would be coming form international races as well. Managing this type of human resource group should then be carefully given attention by the organizational authorities.Clients or Customers- The demographics of the consumers, their interests and their product preferences should be among the main concerns of the business organization. Their culture and their wants basing on their traditions should be carefully noted by entrepreneurs to ensure their products of the market appreciation that it needs to be able to remain in business.Environmental RisksEconomi c- The economic situation of the neighboring country where a branch or a trade engagement is prepared to be conducted should be set in balance with the economic status of the original branch of the business. The balance shall help the business operators to set some standard procedures in dealing with the finance of the organization.Weather- The prevail that is currently dictationling the activities of the civilians of a certain country should be carefully given attention. This shall also determine the activities that are supposed to be taken in consideration by the business organization.Legalities and the Government- this particular element should be closely given clear attention as it is among the most important factors as well as the most crucial one as it primarily determines if the organization is to remain in a certain country or not, based on the ability of the organization to become machine- convenient with the laws of the said neighboring country.Considering all these el ements of risk and being able to perceive on how each one affects the business engagements of a certain organization in an International picture shall then help the entrepreneurs create the possibilities and the probabilities of the organizations success in the multicultural market of consumers.The profits return Provisions Business ABCs            The company that is to be observed at this point is the organization of data Inc. which is a start up company wanting to venture in providing its major(ip) clients with internet based services that could be used as a source of informative materials in terms of accounting procedures, medical assistance and budget-wise programs that both business enthusiasts and the general public could use in their daily business and household needs and activities.As a company that is still starting in venturing within the said field, it is necessary for Info Inc to carry on the informations that were furth er discussed in this paper earlier. It could be noticed that the discussions point out the fact that establishing a new business operation for a certain existing business organization is indeed challenging especially when the business is supposed to traverse a global market.            As the organization aims to venture in a new business operation that they have not been used to in engaging, it is much beneficial to take notice of the fact that the organization needs to take into consideration several factors that would involve the adjustments of the whole body of employee of the said company. The shifting of the priority and the opening of the new ambit of service that the company would provide its clients should then be identified as a primary factor that should be carried in constant addressing during the whole procedure of adjusting the organizations focus. First to consider then is the type of internet servicing that the company sh ould be involved into. This shall be discussed within the paragraphs that follow.Choosing the Type of Service      To be able to reach the widest scope of market, Info Inc should invest in creating internet profited branches from different areas of the world. The company may not be required in creating an actual physical branch in the different parts of the world, but it is required to subscribe at a certain internet website host such as Google or yahoo, that would make their company much more accessible by the target market that they ought to serve. Choosing the right type of server or website support is very important. This is the reason why ample research on this matter should be carefully considered by the ones who are to establish the companys website. The scope of the network should also be closely attended to as this would indicate the judge scope of earshot or market that the company could reach out to.As mentioned earlier, marketing is an important wa y of regenerating a facial expression market to get involved within a certain business company however, lacking the needed access to reach the said clients may make this particular procedure of business operation impossible. Hence, being able to scale on which type of website support could give the best services to the company basing from its mission in connection with the market that it targets is very important to take into consideration. By doing so, the creators of the said business service-provision branch does not only introduces the company to a wider scope of market, but it also gives it a obtain in gaining the peak rate of revenue that it could reach in an annual calculation.Creating the Website      Since the organization aims to attract business enthusiasts and household members, the presentation of the website should cater to what they are actually interested in. This is where the art of marketing begins o enter the scene. moat likely, it could be observed that the more attractive and interesting the website looks like, the more it is being viewed by profit surfers.This is particularly the reason why the website of the company should highlight the strength of the company and the idealisms that it has that may attract the concerns of the market. Constant attendance to what the target market wants to know about the company and about their services shall help the creators and programmers of the website have an idea on what they should actually set as features to the said website.      It must also occur among the creators that the insistence of the websites becoming a easy system is an important part of the feature of the said internet address. This would certainly allow the users, whether they are computer literate or not to have an easy access on what is actually being offered by the organization through their online network.Counting the Benefits      Having a companys own website in th e internet is like having a legitimate virtual address that would cater to mostly different people from somewhat the world. As globalization opens its doorways to major new waves of business engagements, it could be observed that there are different benefits that the Internet operations bring the different business organizations that use the services provided by the said virtual community. Most of the companys which do not even have physical establishments are already cognise because o their internet-based operations. This fact shall help Info Inc in realizing the fact that opening their doors to a more liberated procedure of operating within the business transactions that they want to offer their clients is an important part of their companys growth as a major business entity.Counting the cost      To be able to understand the plan further, it is important to lay the finances and budgeting procedures needed to support that project that is being proposed for In fo Inc to take into consideration. What are the particular elements of financing that needs to be considered?Creating the Website      on that point is a need to hire an expert to at least program the website. The fact that there are different features of presentations that are planned to be embedded within the presentation of the website primarily to attract the clients, there needs to be the cosmos of professional help for this matter. This then requires a token(prenominal) yet reasonable payment for labor.Funding the Website      Usually, the fees for website maintenance are paid annually. The company should then prepare itself in facing responsibilities such as this.Advertising through Search Engines      The more exposure the site gets, the more surfers it could invite. From this particular fact, it could be noted that funding the sites fees is indeed worthwhile, as that particular fee shall allow the link to the we bsite to appear several times with the practice of several key words encoded by the internet surfers when they are pursuance the help of major search engines in the internet.Training the Operators of the Web      There should always be a standing support specialist that is ready to assist customers in their issues about the services offered by the company. Once the company ventures to this particular type of business operation, it should then occur to them that the importance of placing expert support technicians as well as product or service specialists should constantly be available incase interested client needs assistance.               If the values of the cost-causing elements mentioned herein shall be examined, it could be observed that the fees are all reasonable enough of paying on the part of the companys financing group. Most likely, this is because of the much reasonable returns that the said f ees are expected to return to the entire companys business system.               Handling such responsibilities in a much more positive outlook shall indeed help the administration of the organization realize of their importance as major player within the worldwide economy. The operations that they are expected to handle through inline communications shall not only increase their capabilities of handling challenges but could also help them grow as a business entity that is able to face the challenges of the globalization era.CLIENTS AND ONLINE CONSUMERISMOnline consumerism is one of todays major forward-looking leaps in terms of commercialism. The use of the Internet as a major medium for trading and monetary transactions has been among the major advancements of technology and real life in the human society. Each business organization relies on their respective aspects to promote their services and products in the market.Each marketing aspect range from various strategies and approaches to entice, promote and imply an ideal nature of their products and services to the consuming public to generate a business transaction between the two parties. Each business transaction in turn provide generate the desire income by the organization, which is relevant for their operation development and profit generation. As such, each organization must create an effective and businesslike marketing tool towards their target public, which will address the important communication and business elements in their economic transaction.            The most effective marketing approaches in the present are the strategies that address the key communication elements of the public. These strategies manifests to be undeviating marketing medium that inform, relates and considers the consuming public to be significant part of the organizational structure and their subsequent operations. On the practical sense, these strategies are characterized to be publicly open for the society wherein they are easily and readily accessible for the interesting consumers. In part, these marketing strategies not only cater to the marketing nature but also to the other relevant part of the organizational structure such as human resources, customer service and public relations. On this field of effective marketing approaches, the e-marketing system manifests to be both an effective and efficient strategy for contemporary business organization.            From the analysis of the e-marketing strategies, it is strongly concluded that marketing and promotional activities utilizing the advancement of the field of information technology is an effective approach for contemporary business organization. Through the use of this significant medium, organization can promote further their products and services and developing their ideal business nature i n the social aspect which in turn, has a significant impact upon the organizations success. Indeed, marketing using online or internet technology relates further the business organization to the global audience for more effective and efficient business operation for the economic success of the organization.            Although the past have already placed a strong impact on how the people viewed business operations done through the Internet, several business enthusiasts never ceased finding ways by which they would be able to attain success within the said industry. many another(prenominal) among the business owners around the world still believe in the benefits that investing in online business ventures would naturally bring their organizations.As for a fact, the said situation is right away becoming a trend both among organizations that are already established and the business and even those business entities that are just starting to join the said competitive industry. Most of the benefits that the said system of business transacting has generally attracted investors as well as stockholders in making a great decision of joining in the process of industrial change though the innovative integration of technology within the system.            To understand this claim further, a diagrammatic presentation shall be shown herein Diagram 1 Efects of instruction engineering science in the relationship between clients and business organizations Diagram abbreviation            From the presentation made above, it could be observed that the reason behind the business entities joining the band wagon of taking advantage of the provisions of apprehension and technology in the modern society is indeed worthwhile. As it could be seen, the five major effects that have been presented through the diagram actually directly affect the gro wth rate of the organizations in a modern society. This is indeed an attractive provision that IT could ever offer business entities. Chapter 5DISCUSSION            Today many people once bewildered by the stock market are investing in stocks. Why? For one thing, the Internet has enabled investors to access in moments financial news, investment advice, and stockbrokers. Paul Farrell, editor in chief of Wall Street News, writes For individual investors, internet investing is the new frontier, the new gold rush, the freedom to be yourself, with the opportunity to become financially independent while working at home.Along with the blooming of the Internet systems, commerce also took the chance to be a part of a very promising source of profit for many business firms. To do this, there existed a birth to the Dot.com business expanse. Many people who would rather invest on a business than to be employed in a company took chances on invest ing in this kind of business. But as years passed, the hoped to be tiger market that would hit sky high revenues for the firms taking part on it fierce apart. How is this possible? And how could this kind of market have been saved? The following paragraphs shall discuss the said topic further.            During the earlier times of the introduction of Internet, it was seen that this kind of communication could enable many people to connect to each other from far places in the world. The said idea on worldwide interconnection gave many business community the thought that using the worldwide web would help their companies and other business firms to reach their potential revenues and income at a very minimal time or better yet, even double or three-base hit the income they have expected.            With this, the dot.com business arena was given birth. It is more likely that the investors who in vested in this kind of economic environment were the ones who realized that new business models would briefly arise based on the possibilities of Internet commerce or more popularly known as E-commerce. As a result of wanting to be the first ones to gain profit from the said provisions of this new technology, they risked thousands of dollars to invest in the said Internet market.            The first years of the operation of the dot.com market paved way to many sellers of products and services to be affiliated to many consumers worldwide. Obviously though, among the three major gainers of profit in this kind of market are several internet-help companies. The said technology groups are the Internet and Network Infrastructure which hosts the construction of official websites posted through the net, the Internet Tools such as Netsacape which assists on the navigation process in the Internet, and the Internet-direct consumer websites such a s Yahoo which allows numerous ads to be posted through their website.            among the years 1998-1999, the interest rates on putting up e-commerce firms were way affordable for many investors. This is the reason why many inexperienced businessmen chose to loin this market as a beginning of joining the business industry. Although many of the said investors had concrete and realistic plans regarding a business, most of them lacked administrative abilities.On the other hand, inviting investors to join the Internet market had been easier through the use of offering great promises and benefits that the web hosts post to attract the prospect businessmen (Warford, 2005, 45). True, this way of luring investors worked pretty well. As proved by the many growing e-commerce members during the years 1998-1999, the dot.com industry continued to flourish.To recognize the best Internet websites that are present in the e-commerce industry, there had been an annual awarding of the top websites of the year. It started on the year 1995, which was characterized by extravagant programs and undeniably expensive presentations. It was annually held in San Francisco California near the heart of the Silicon Valley. The said event has attain during the year 2001 when thousands of attendance joined the lucrative awarding.When the year 2003 came in, the celebration became black due to lower attendance not to mention that some of the nominees are not able to attend the event because of company belt-tightening and the fear of loosing their jobs. This is more likely because of the high interest rates that the Internet web hosts are already putting on the investors to continuously operate in the system (Silberschatz, 2004, 15). This event showed that the dot.com industry is not as productive as it was forward anymore. As a fact, many of its members already lost on the investments they preempted to be bringing them great profits.Chapter 6 Con clusion and SummaryEntering the arena of international business venture is indeed not an easy task for business entrepreneurs. However, because of the main focus of globalization in empowering dreamers of the said industry helps much in assisting entrepreneurs in seeing the possibilities of enlarging the scope of their territories of profitable areas through stretching their business activities towards the other countries around the globe.            It could not be denied though that the procedure of international business looks much inviting, it should not be bury that the risks are highly challenging, hence encouraging the entrepreneurs to apply clear control of the situation through applying the needed skills to face the challenges of the international business transactions. Expanding the business in this procedure is indeed promising however, careful consideration on the elements of risk should be given clear attention by the aspira nt business entrepreneurs.            From the discussion and the presentations made in this paper, it could be observed that there is indeed a need for business entities to take the risks in making it within the industry of virtual business. Making their business services and products available through the Internet for the sake of advertising or even selling as it is would surely offer the organizations a progressive future in the fields that they are joined with. Certainly, the innovations brought about by information technology actually radically changed the economic trade of the entire global express of business industries. This is the reason why a particular entrepreneur trying to make the business scene in the current era of globalization needs to know the basic of computer applications and internet system operations for their business organization.            Certainly, because of the mor e improved system of consumerism featured through online business operations, click businesses become highly effective in affecting the human society today. It could still not be denied though that there are still some satisfactions that brick or physically established systems of business today give its consumers. Through this conclusion, it should be understood that both brick and click businesses should exist in balance to allow consumer satisfaction all over the world in accordance with the different elements contributing to modern globalization.References Internet SourcesBBC News. (2000). Dot.com to Dot.bomb.                           http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2000/review/1069169.stm. 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